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Polar size
Equatorial size
Aperture number
EView
Select EView
peroblate ; < 0.50
oblate ; 0.50-0.75
suboblate ; 0.75-0.88
oblate spheroidal ; 0.88 -100
spheroidal ; 0.75-1.33
prolate spheroidal ; 1.00-1.14
subprolate ; 1.14-1.33
prolate ; 1.33 -2.00
perprolate ; > 2.00
rectangular ; An angular grain with four corner and four sides
rectangular tall ; An angular grain with four corner and four sides; polar axis is greater than the equatorial axis
rectangular broad ; An angular grain with four corner and four sides; polar axis is less than the equatorial axis
rhombic ; Oblique-equilaterally shaped grain with four angles and four side
rhombic tall ; Oblique-equilaterally shaped grain with four angles and four sides; the polar axis is greater than the equatorial axis
rhombic broad ; Oblique-equilaterally shaped grain with four angles and four sides; the equatorial axis is greater than the polar axis
no suitable term ; No description available
PView
Select PView
circular ; The length of the vertical axis and horizontal axis are approximately equal; ratio of 1:1
elliptic ; The length of the vertical axis and horizontal axis are unequal, one having a greater length than the other
triangular ; A triangular shaped grain with a relatively straight wall connecting two apexes
triangular convex ; A triangular shaped grain with protruding walls connecting two apexes
triangular concave ; A triangular shaped grain with walls sloping inward connecting two apexes
quadrangular ; Pollen unit grain having four angles (degrees may vary) and four sides
quinquangular ; Pollen unit grain having five angles (degrees may vary) and five sides
hexagonal ; Pollen unit grain having six angles (degrees may vary) and six sides
polygonal ; A triangular shaped grain with walls sloping inward connecting two apexes
irregular ; Pollen unit grain having irregular (sides and angles differ)
lobate ; A single unit pollen grain having distinctive lobes created by the inward folding of the apertures of the grain
reniform ; Kidney-shaped, with one side curved inward
saccate ; Grains with air-filled sacs or bladders attached to their surface
no suitable term ; No description available
Unit
Select Unit
monad ; Dispersal unit consisting of a single pollen grain
pseudonomad ; A dispersal unit resembling a monad but formed by the partial separation of originally united pollen grains
dyad ; Dispersal unit consisting of two pollen grains
tetrad ; Dispersal unit of four pollen grains
polyad ; Dispersal unit consisting of more than four pollen grains
pollinarium ; Dispersal unit consisting of one or more pollinia, often combined with a sticky disc (viscidium) and connecting structures (aka massula)
pollinium ; Unit consisting of a compact mass of pollen grains fused together, transferred as a single entity during pollination
tetrad linear ; Uniplanar tetrad where four units are arranged in a row
tetrad rhomboidal ; Uniplanar tetrad with the proximal sides of two individual units in direct contact, and the remaining two units are separated
tetrad tetragonal ; Uniplanar tetrad where all four units are in contact at the center for the tetrad forming a cross
tetrad T-shaped ; Uniplanar tetrad with two of the units perpendicular to the other two forming a “T” shape
tetrad tetrahedral ; Multiplanar tetrad with each unit in contact with the other three units
tetrad decussate ; A tetrad of pollen grains arranged in two pairs lying across one another, the pairs (dyads) more or less at right angles to each other
tetrad planar ; A two-dimensional arrangement of pollen grains lying in the same flat plane, forming a structure like a square or diamond.
Sculpture
Select Sculpture
areolate ; Surface with areoles (network of raised ridges forming cells or enclosed spaces)
baculate ; Surface ornamentation with rod-like or baculate structures
bireticulate ; A double-layered reticulate (net-like) pattern on the surface
clavate ; Surface ornamentation with club-shaped elements
clypeate ; Shield-like ornamentation pattern
columellate ; Individual column-like structures on the surface
costate ; Pollen grains with raised ridges or ribs
croton pattern ; A pattern resembling the structure seen in croton pollen
echinate ; Surface covered with spines or spinules
fossulate ; Surface with elongated depressions or grooves
foveolate ; Surface with small pit-like depressions
gemmate ; Surface with gem-like projections
granulate ; Surface with small grain-like elevations
heterobrochate ; Reticulate pattern with irregularly sized spaces (brochi)
homobrochate ; Reticulate pattern with uniformly sized spaces (brochi)
lophate ; Surface with ridge-like structures forming loops or arcs
microbaculate ; Surface with small rod-like or baculate structures
microclavate ; Surface with small club-shaped elements
microechinate ; Surface with small spines or spinules
microgemmate ; Surface with small gem-like projections
microreticulate ; Surface with a fine net-like reticulate pattern
microrugulate ; Surface with small irregular ridges
microverrucate ; Surface with small wart-like projections
nanobaculate ; Surface with extremely small rod-like structures
nanoclavate ; Surface with extremely small club-shaped elements
nanoechinate ; Surface with extremely small spines
nanogemmate ; Surface with extremely small gem-like projections
nanoreticulate ; Surface with an extremely fine net-like reticulate pattern
nanorugulate ; Surface with extremely small ridges
nanoverrucate ; Surface with extremely small wart-like projections
perforate ; Surface with small hole-like perforations
pilate ; Surface where the sculptural elements are shaped like small, pillar-like structures.
plicate ; Surface with fold-like structures or ridges
psilate ; Smooth surface with no distinct ornamentation
reticulate ; Surface with a net-like pattern
reticulum cristatum ; Reticulate pattern with crest-like structures
rugulate ; Surface with irregular ridges or wrinkles
scabrate ; Surface with rough irregular texture
striate ; Surface with linear grooves or ridges
striato-microreticulate ; Surface with linear grooves and a fine reticulate pattern
striato-reticulate ; Surface with linear grooves combined with a net-like pattern
verrucate ; Surface with wart-like projections
no suitable term ; No appropriate term to describe the surface
ApertureCondition
Select ApertureCondition
colpate ; longitudinal grooves or furrows
colporate ; longitudinal grooves and pores at the ends of the grooves
dicolpate ; two longitudinal grooves or furrows
dicolporate ; two longitudinal grooves and pores at their ends
diporate ; two circular or oval pores
disulcate ; two elongated furrows or sulci
hexacolpate ; six longitudinal grooves or furrows
hexacolporate ; six longitudinal grooves and pores at their ends
inaperturate ; no visible apertures or openings
monocolpate ; a single groove or furrow (colpus)
monoporate ; a single pore
papillate ; ornamentation where the exine (outer wall of the pollen grain) is covered with small, nipple-like projections called papillae
pantocolpate ; grooves or furrows distributed all around the surface
pantocolporate ; grooves and pores distributed all around the surface
pantoporate ; pores distributed all around the surface
pentacolpate ; five longitudinal grooves or furrows
pentacolporate ; five longitudinal grooves and pores at their ends
pentaporate ; five circular or oval pores
pericolpate ; colpi surrounded by a thickened or ornamented structure
pericolporate ; colpi and pores surrounded by a thickened or ornamented structures
periporate ; pores surrounded by a thickened or ornamented structures
polychotomosulcate ; multiple irregularly branched furrows or sulci
porate ; circular or oval pores
poroidate ; very small or indistinct pores
saccate ; the presence of air-filled sac-like structures called sacci that are attached to the main body of the pollen grain
spiraperturate ; spiral-shaped apertures
stephanocolpate ; grooves arranged in a crown-like pattern
stephanocolporate ; grooves and pores arranged in a crown-like pattern
stephanoporate ; pores arranged in a crown-like pattern
sulcate ; a single elongated furrow or sulcus
syncolpate ; connected longitudinal grooves
syncolporate ; connected grooves and pores at their ends
tetracolpate ; four longitudinal grooves or furrows
tetracolporate ; four longitudinal grooves and pores at their ends
tetraporate ; four longitudinal pores at their ends
tricolpate ; three longitudinal grooves or furrows
tricolporate ; three longitudinal grooves and pores at their ends
triporate ; three circular or oval pores
trisulcate ; three elongated furrows or sulci
ulcerate ; one or more ulcer-like openings
Aperture
Select Aperture
porate ; A circular or oval pore on a pollen grain (pores only)
colpate ; A longitudinal groove or furrow on a pollen grain (furrows only)
colporate ; An aperture with both grooves and pores (furrows with pores)
irregular ; United or irregular furrow may occur [perculiarities]
leptoma ; A thin and weakly defined aperture
poroidate ; A small, indistinct, or rudimentary pore-like structure
annulate ; An aperture surrounded by a ring-like structure
spiraperturate ; Apertures arranged in a spiral pattern
sulcate ; An elongated furrow typically found on monosulcate pollen grains
ulcate ; A shallow depression or groove on a pollen grain
inaperturate ; A pollen grain with no visible apertures or openings
aperispore ; spores without discernible apertures
monolate ; spores with a single linear or slit-like aperture (common in ferns)
trilate ; spores with a Y-shaped aperture formed by the splitting of the spore wall during germination
leptosporangiate ; spores with thin walls, often linked to advanced sporangium types in ferns
no aperture ; No description available
AperturePeculiarities
Select AperturePeculiarities
angulaperturate ; Apertures located at the angles of the pollen grain structure
annulate ; A ring-like structure around the aperture
aperture membrane ornamented ; An aperture with a patterned or ornamented membrane
aperture membrane smooth ; An aperture with a smooth and unornamented membrane
atriolate ; A chamber-like structure associated with the aperture
brevicolporate ; A short colporus aperture
brevicolpate ; A short colpus aperture
bridge ; A connecting structure across the aperture
colporoidate ; An intermediate form between colporus and poroid apertures
fenestrate ; apertures that form window-like structures or patterns on the pollen grain
geniculate ; A knee-like bend or structure at the aperture
heteroaperturate ; Pollen grains with more than one type of aperture
lalongate ; Apertures elongated along the longitudinal axis
lolongate ; Apertures elongated along the latitudinal axis
margo ; A thickened or raised border surrounding the aperture
onculate ; A swelling or thickened area near the aperture
operculate ; A lid-like structure covering the aperture
ornamentomembranate ; Ornamented with distinct patterns, textures, or structures
pantoaperturate ; Apertures distributed all over the surface of the pollen grain
planaperturate ; Apertures lying flat or level with the pollen grain surface
polychotomosulate ; Multiple irregularly branched furrows or sulci
pontoperculate ; A bridge-like operculum over the aperture
pororate ; A pore-like aperture with characteristics of a colpus
pseudocolpate ; A false or indistinct colpus-like structure
stephanoaperturate ; Apertures arranged in a crown-like or ring formation
synaperturate ; Connected or continuous apertures
trichotomosulate ; Three irregularly branched furrows or sulci
PollenColour
Select PollenColour
white to grey ; No description available
brown ; No description available
red to pink ; No description available
orange ; No description available
yellow ; No description available
green ; No description available
blue to black ; No description available
ExineType
Select ExineType
tectate ; Pollen grain with a continuous tectum; also known as ‘eutectate’
semitectate ; Discontinuous tectum that covers less than 50% of the pollen grain’s surface
intectate ; Pollen grain lacking a tectum; also known as ‘atectate’
Polarity
Select Polarity
heteropolar ; pollen with different proximal and distal poles
isopolar ; pollen with identical proximal and distal poles
DominantOrientation
Select DominantOrientation
equatorial ; oriented in a equatorial view
oblique ; oriented in either a polar or equatorial view
polar ; oriented in a polar view
Series
Select Series
NBV ; NBV drachtplantenlijst
ImkerPedia ; ImkerPedia drachtplantenlijst
Include species with undefined values
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